Phonology

Consonants:

/p t k q/ [p t k q]
/pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ/ [ph th kh qh]
/b d g ɢ/ [b d g ġ]
/t͡s t͡ʃ/ [c č]
/t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ/ [ch čh]
/d͡z d͡ʒ/ [dz dž]
/s ʃ h/ [s š h]
/z ʒ/ [z ž]
/m n ŋ/ [m n ŋ]
/r l/ [r l]
/j w/ [j w]

Vowels:

/i ʉ u/ [i y u]
/e ɵ o/ [e ø o]
/ɛ ɞ ɔ/ [ɛ ə ᴐ]
/a/ [a]

/iː ʉː uː/ [ii yy uu]
/eː ɵː oː/ [ee øø oo]
/ɛː ɞː ɔː/ [ɛɛ əə ᴐᴐ]
/aː/ [aa]

Vocalic harmony (front vs back, rounded vs unrounded).

Front: ʉ ɵ ɞ
Neutral: i e ɛ a
Back: u o ɔ

Phonotactics:

CVCCC

Accent:

Stress accent on first syllable.

Nouns

Morphemes:

[Root + Root's extension(s) + Possessor + Definiteness + Number + Case]

Case:

Nominative - mᴐŋɛ 'man'
Accusative -i/-j mᴐŋɛj 'man'
Genitive -n/-ɛn mᴐŋɛn 'of man'
Dative -am/-m mᴐŋɛm 'to/for man'
Ablative -at/-t mᴐŋɛt 'from man'
Instrumental -ɛɛ/-hɛ mᴐŋɛhɛ 'with man'
Locative -ec/-ːc mᴐŋɛɛc 'in/on man'

Definiteness:

Indefinite -eŋ/-ŋ mᴐŋɛŋ 'a man'
Definite proper -et/-t mᴐŋɛt 'the man'
Definite distant -eq/-q mᴐŋɛq 'that man'

Number:

Singular - mᴐŋɛ 'man'
Dual -r/-ɛr mᴐŋɛr 'two men'
Plural -k/-ɛk mᴐŋɛk 'men'

Possessor:

   Singular / Plural
1. -ɛŋ/-ŋ mᴐŋɛŋ 'my man' / -ɛni/-ni mᴐŋɛni 'our men'
2. -ic/-jc mᴐŋɛjc 'thy' / -eche/-che mᴐŋɛche 'your man'
3. -u/-w mᴐŋɛw 'his/her/its' / -y/-j mᴐŋɛj 'their man'

Verbs

Morphemes:

[Negation] +[Root + Root's extension(s) + Voice + Aspect + Tense + Mood + Person]

Transitivity:

Intransitive -eš- eqheš- 'to eat'
Transitive - eqh- 'to eat'
Causative -ar- eqhar- 'to feed'

Aspect:

Imperfective - eqh- 'to eat'
Perfective -ta eqhta- 'to eat'
Perfect -su eqhsu- 'to have be eaten'
Prospective -ši 'to will be eaten'

Tense:

Non-past - eqh- 'to eat'
Past -l-/-ɛl- eqhl- 'to eat (in past)

Indicative - eqh- 'to eat'
Conditional -da- eqhda- 'would to eat'
Imperative -ii eqhii 'eat!'

Person:

 Singular / Plural
1. -eŋ/-ŋ  eqheŋ 'I am eating' / -ɛni/-ni eqhɛni 'We are eating'
2. -ec/-c eqhec 'Thou art eating' / -eche/-che eqheche 'You are eating'
3. - eqh 'He/She/It is eating' / -y eqhy 'They are eating'

Negation:

le eqheŋ 'I am not eating'

Participle:

Adjectival -pha eqhpha 'eating'
Adverbial -phᴐ eqhphᴐ 'eating'

Gerund/Infinitive:

-ɛth eqhɛth 'eating, to eat'

Adjectives

Degrees of comparison:

Positive - daag 'good'
Comparative -ᴐᴐr daagᴐᴐr 'better'
Superlative -ᴐᴐrah daagᴐᴐrah 'best

Adverbs:

Degrees of comparison:

Positive - daagᴐ 'well'
Comparative -ᴐᴐrᴐ daagᴐᴐrᴐ 'better'
Superlative -ᴐᴐrahᴐ daagᴐᴐrahᴐ 'best'

Numerals

Cardinal:

1. ᴐrhᴐ
2. igyt
3. muuru
4. nalgaw
5. šadžur
6. šaruŋ
7. amchas
8. urdun
9. tumpah
10. hathum
11. hathum ᴐrhᴐ
20. igyt hathum
21. igyt hathum ᴐrhᴐ
100. gildak
1.000. komplak

Ordinal -ca ᴐrhᴐca
Multiplicative -nuuŋ ᴐrhᴐnuuŋ
Reproductive -høø ᴐrhᴐhøø
Distributive -neež ᴐrhᴐneež
Fractional -haw ᴐrhᴐhaw

Pronouns

Personal pronouns:

 Singular / Plural
1. ma 'I' / mak 'We'
2. šuu 'thou' / šuuk 'you'
3. øl 'he/she/it' / ølk 'they'

Prepositions

Locational:

hi 'in'
ahi 'on'
hu 'above'
hume 'under'
perk 'beside'
hɛme 'away'
beeme 'between'
ġahi 'behind'
hime 'out'
radme 'around'
tɛrɛk 'before'
hitɛɛŋ 'during'
thɛm 'after'
duhr 'through'

Other:

pɛs 'without'
waŋ 'with'
hitᴐw 'instead'
hitɛrk 'against'
newaŋ 'despite, though'
hidžaŋ 'along, according to'
ci 'as'
kyy 'like'
at 'from'
ta 'to'

Particles

Conjunctions:

Paratactical conjunctions:

ee 'and'
eena 'also'
hir 'or'
hide 'but'
cyn 'so'
nᴐq 'than'

Hypotactical conjunctions:

nahi 'to, for'
žarym 'although'
byym 'because'
eeme 'if'
haži 'that, providing'

Modifiers:

ᴐrhᴐᴐ 'only'
ᴐrhᴐme 'yet'

Polarity particles:

sa 'yes'
ne 'no'

Syntax

Word order:

SOV (Subject - Object - Verb)

Describing word - Described word

Copular verb:

hɛr- 'to be'

Word Formation

Derivational affixes:

Nominalizers:

Agentive / Related person -ɛdzi/-dzi pɛrq- 'to speak' → pɛrqɛdzi 'speaker' / bᴐġᴐ 'cow' → bᴐġᴐdzi 'cowman'
Place -ud pɛrq- 'to speak' → pɛrqud 'rostrum'
Diminutive -če sigi 'son' → sigiče 'little son'
Augmentative -aag gᴐŋɛ 'mountain' → gᴐŋaag 'grand mountain'
Related abstract -araw hadži 'brother' → hadžiraw 'brotherhood'
Instrument -tɛl gard- 'to destroy' → gardɛtɛl 'instrument for destroying'
Instance -aw pɛrq- 'to speak' → perqaw 'speech'

Adjectivizers:

Possessive / Affiliative -sor pard 'horse' → pardzor 'equine'
Originative -at dᴐŋgᴐr 'sky' → dᴐŋᴐrat 'celestial'
Similaritive -waad belin 'cat' → belinwaad 'felid'
Feature -ib jɛlɛ 'hair' → jɛlib 'hairy'
Privative ne-.-ib thᴐmph 'tooth' → nethᴐmphib 'toothless'